Automotive Technology

Task #

Year/MP

K (Know)

U (Understand)

D (Do)

101 

Y1M1 

Explain and follow all lab rules 

Why safety rules reduce risk and liability 

Demonstrate adherence to lab rules 

102 

Y1M1–Y2M4 

Participate in shop management 

Workflow and organization impact efficiency 

Assist with shop operations and organization 

103 

Y1M2 

Participate in parts ordering 

Inventory systems and part specifications 

Identify correct parts and complete orders 

104 

Y1M1 

Demonstrate shop safety and hygiene 

Importance of cleanliness and contamination control 

Maintain clean workstation and dispose waste properly 

106 

Y1M2 

Customer service communication 

Impact of communication on customer trust 

Explain repairs to customers (role-play) 

107 

Y1M1 

Identify the vehicle by VIN 

Structure and meaning of VIN 

Decode VIN and locate ID tags 

108 

Y1M3 

Investigate career paths 

Automotive career options and certifications 

Research and present a pathway 

109 

Y1M2 

Complete a work order 

Importance of documentation 

Complete work order accurately 

110 

Y1M2–Y2M4 

Research service information 

Use of service manuals and TSBs 

Locate repair procedures 

111 

Y1M1 

Interpret ID numbers 

Component identification importance 

Locate and interpret component numbers 

201 

Y1M1 

Safety rules 

Types of shop hazards 

Follow all safety procedures 

202 

Y1M1–Y1M2 

Lift operation 

Weight distribution principles 

Secure vehicle properly on lift 

203 

Y1M3 

Oxy-acetylene equipment 

Combustion and pressure safety 

Set up/shut down equipment 

204 

Y1M1 

SDS and Right-To-Know 

Chemical safety laws 

Interpret SDS sheets 

205 

Y1M1 

Hand tools 

Tool selection principles 

Use hand tools correctly 

206 

Y1M2 

Power tools 

Safe power tool operation 

Demonstrate safe operation 

207 

Y1M1 

PPE 

Purpose of PPE 

Select appropriate PPE 

208 

Y1M1 

Fire equipment 

Fire classes and suppression 

Use fire extinguisher correctly 

210 

Y1M2 

EPA/OSHA 

Environmental safety laws 

Apply regulations in shop practices 

301 

Y1M1 

Fasteners 

Types and torque requirements 

Install/remove fasteners properly 

302 

Y1M2 

Re-thread tools 

Thread repair concepts 

Perform re-threading 

303 

Y1M2 

Measuring tools 

Precision and tolerances 

Measure accurately 

304 

Y1M2–Y1M3 

Specialty tools 

Purpose of specialty tools 

Use correctly 

305 

Y1M3 

Thread repair 

Causes of damage 

Repair threads correctly 

401 

Y2M1–Y2M2 

Prepare to obtain PA Safety Inspection Certification 

Understand PA state inspection standards, criteria, and legal requirements for vehicle safety inspections 

Conduct a full mock or supervised vehicle safety inspection using PA guidelines and document results accurately 

402 

Y2M2 

Prepare to obtain EPA 609 Refrigerant Recovery and Recycling Certification 

Understand environmental laws, refrigerant types, and proper recovery/recycling procedures for HVAC systems 

Demonstrate proper refrigerant recovery, recycling, and handling procedures using approved equipment 

403 

Y2M3 

Prepare to obtain Emission Inspection Certification 

Understand emission control systems, testing standards, and regulatory compliance requirements 

Perform an emissions inspection procedure or simulation including data collection and compliance determination 

502 

Y1M4 

Identify suspension and steering concerns 

Understand system operation and how wear or damage affects ride, handling, and safety 

Inspect vehicle symptoms and identify likely suspension or steering concerns 

507 

Y2M1 

Inspect rack and pinion gear and mountings 

Understand rack and pinion design, mounting, and wear indicators 

Inspect rack and pinion system and document condition of components 

508 

Y2M1 

Inspect inner tie rod ends and boots 

Understand tie rod function and protection provided by boots 

Inspect components for wear, looseness, or damage 

509 

Y1M4 

Inspect power steering fluid 

Understand fluid types, purpose, and condition indicators 

Check fluid level and condition and determine service need 

510 

Y2M1 

Flush and bleed power steering system 

Understand hydraulic system operation and fluid contamination impact 

Perform flushing and bleeding procedure correctly 

511 

Y2M2 

Diagnose power steering fluid leaks 

Understand sources and causes of hydraulic leaks 

Inspect system and determine leak source and corrective action 

513 

Y2M2 

Remove and reinstall power steering pump 

Understand pump function and system integration 

Safely remove and reinstall power steering pump 

514 

Y2M2 

Remove/install pulley and check alignment 

Understand pulley alignment and belt tracking 

Install pulley and verify proper alignment 

515 

Y2M2 

Inspect and replace hoses and fittings 

Understand pressure lines and failure points 

Inspect and replace damaged hoses or fittings 

516 

Y2M2 

Inspect and replace steering linkage components 

Understand steering linkage function in system geometry 

Inspect and replace linkage components properly 

517 

Y2M2 

Replace tie rod ends and adjust 

Understand alignment relationship of tie rods 

Replace and adjust tie rod ends to specification 

519 

Y2M2 

Inspect and replace control arms and bushings 

Understand suspension articulation and bushing wear 

Inspect and replace worn control arms and bushings 

520 

Y2M2 

Inspect and replace strut rods 

Understand role of strut rods in suspension stability 

Inspect and replace components as needed 

521 

Y2M2 

Inspect and replace ball joints 

Understand pivot function and wear indicators 

Inspect and replace ball joints safely 

522 

Y2M3 

Inspect and replace steering knuckle assemblies 

Understand attachment points and steering geometry 

Remove and install steering knuckle components 

523 

Y2M2 

Inspect and replace coil springs and insulators 

Understand energy storage and ride height 

Safely remove and install springs and insulators 

524 

Y2M2 

Inspect and service torsion bars 

Understand torsion bar suspension principles 

Inspect and adjust torsion bar systems 

525 

Y2M2 

Inspect and replace stabilizer components 

Understand sway control and vehicle stability 

Replace stabilizer links and bushings 

526 

Y2M2 

Inspect and replace strut assemblies 

Understand strut operation in suspension systems 

Remove and install strut assemblies safely 

527 

Y1M4–Y2M2 

Inspect and replace shock absorbers 

Understand damping principles and ride quality 

Inspect and replace shock absorbers 

529 

Y1M4 

Lubricate suspension and steering systems 

Understand lubrication points and maintenance needs 

Apply appropriate lubrication procedures 

530 

Y2M1 

Perform pre-alignment inspection 

Understand alignment factors affecting tire wear and handling 

Conduct inspection and prepare vehicle for alignment 

531 

Y2M2 

Perform four-wheel alignment 

Understand alignment angles and specifications 

Perform alignment using equipment and verify results 

535 

Y2M3 

Check subframe alignment 

Understand frame alignment effects on vehicle geometry 

Inspect and measure subframe alignment 

536 

Y1M3 

Inspect tires and wear patterns 

Understand causes of tire wear patterns 

Evaluate tire condition and recommend action 

537 

Y2M2 

Diagnose vibration and noise 

Understand tire/wheel imbalance and alignment effects 

Diagnose cause of vibration or noise concern 

538 

Y1M3 

Rotate tires 

Understand rotation patterns and maintenance intervals 

Perform tire rotation correctly 

539 

Y2M2 

Measure runout 

Understand runout and balance issues 

Measure and record runout values 

542 

Y1M3 

Mount and balance tires 

Understand balancing principles and TPMS integration 

Mount and balance tire assemblies 

544 

Y1M3 

Inspect tire for air loss 

Understand causes of leaks 

Inspect tire and locate source of air loss 

545 

Y1M3 

Repair tire 

Understand safe tire repair standards 

Perform internal patch repair 

546 

Y2M1 

TPMS systems and calibration 

Understand TPMS types and operation 

Calibrate and verify TPMS system 

547 

Y2M2 

Replace TPMS sensors 

Understand sensor function and relearn procedures 

Replace sensors and perform relearn process 

548 

Y2M2 

Identify reset procedures 

Understand system reset requirements after service 

Perform required reset procedures 

549 

Y2M3 

Diagnose electronic power steering 

Understand electronic steering system operation 

Diagnose faults using appropriate tools 

602 

Y1M4 

Identify and interpret brake system concerns 

Understand brake system purpose, major components (hydraulic, friction, booster/ABS), and how symptoms relate to potential causes 

Interview/verify concern, perform basic visual checks, and document initial findings and next diagnostic steps 

605 

Y1M4 

Measure brake pedal height, travel, and free play as applicable 

Understand how pedal measurements relate to hydraulic integrity, adjustment, and driver safety 

Measure and record pedal height/travel/free play and compare to specifications 

606 

Y1M4 

Check master cylinder for internal/external leaks and proper operation 

Understand master cylinder function and signs of internal bypass or external leakage 

Inspect for leaks, assess operation, and determine serviceability 

607 

Y2M1 

Remove, bench bleed, and reinstall master cylinder 

Understand why bench bleeding removes trapped air and prevents poor braking performance 

Remove master cylinder, bench bleed using correct procedure, reinstall, and verify system readiness 

608 

Y1M4 

Inspect brake lines, flexible hoses, and fittings for leaks/damage; tighten supports; determine actions 

Understand how line/hoses condition affects hydraulic pressure and braking safety 

Inspect components, correct minor issues (tighten/support), and document required repairs 

609 

Y2M1 

Replace brake lines, hoses, fittings, and supports 

Understand safe replacement practices and routing requirements to prevent chafing, kinks, or failure 

Replace hydraulic lines/hoses/fittings/supports using correct materials and routing, then verify integrity 

610 

Y2M2 

Fabricate brake lines using proper material and flaring procedures (double flare and ISO types) 

Understand differences between flare types, material selection, and how improper flares cause leaks 

Fabricate a brake line with correct flare type, install it, and verify leak-free operation 

611 

Y1M3 

Select, handle, store, and test brake fluid for contamination and fill to proper level 

Understand brake fluid types, hygroscopic nature, contamination risks, and proper handling/storage 

Identify correct fluid, test for contamination as applicable, and fill to specification safely 

612 

Y2M2 

Inspect, test, and replace components of brake warning light system 

Understand warning light circuits/sensors and how they indicate system faults 

Test the warning light system, identify the faulty component, and replace/verify operation 

613 

Y2M1 

Bleed and flush brake system 

Understand how air and contaminated fluid reduce braking performance and how bleeding restores hydraulic function 

Bleed/flush system using correct sequence and method and confirm firm pedal 

614 

Y2M2 

Diagnose poor stopping/noise/vibration/pulling/grabbing/dragging/pedal pulsation concerns 

Understand common brake fault patterns and how to isolate mechanical vs. hydraulic vs. electronic causes 

Perform a structured diagnosis, identify root cause, and recommend/complete corrective action 

615 

Y1M4 

Remove, clean, inspect, and measure brake drums 

Understand drum brake wear patterns and measurement specifications 

Remove drums, clean safely, measure diameter/condition, and determine serviceability 

616 

Y2M1 

Refinish brake drum and measure final drum diameter 

Understand machining limits and how refinishing impacts braking and safety 

Refinish drum within limits and record final diameter 

617 

Y1M4 

Remove/inspect drum brake hardware; lubricate and reassemble 

Understand drum brake component functions and correct hardware placement/adjustment 

Disassemble drum brake, inspect components, lubricate contact points, reassemble correctly 

618 

Y2M1 

Inspect and install wheel cylinders 

Understand wheel cylinder function and signs of leakage or failure 

Inspect and replace/install wheel cylinder and verify proper operation 

619 

Y2M1 

Pre-adjust brake shoes and parking brake; install drums/drum hubs and wheel bearings 

Understand shoe adjustment, parking brake linkage, and how bearing condition affects brake service 

Pre-adjust shoes/parking brake, install drum/hub components, and confirm correct adjustment 

620 

Y2M1 

Install wheel, torque lug nuts, and make final checks and adjustments 

Understand torque patterns/specs and final safety verification steps after brake service 

Install wheel, torque to spec, perform final checks, and document results 

622 

Y1M4 

Remove caliper assembly; inspect for leaks and damage 

Understand caliper operation and failure signs (leaks, binding, damage) 

Remove caliper correctly and inspect housing/seals and overall condition 

623 

Y1M4 

Clean and inspect caliper mounting and slides/pins for operation, wear, and damage 

Understand how slide/pin condition affects pad wear and braking performance 

Clean, inspect, lubricate, and verify free movement of slides/pins 

624 

Y1M4 

Reassemble, lubricate, and reinstall caliper/pads/hardware; seat pads; inspect for leaks 

Understand correct pad/hardware installation and why seating pads ensures proper contact 

Install pads/hardware correctly, seat pads, and verify no leaks/abnormal operation 

625 

Y1M4 

Clean, inspect, and measure rotor thickness, lateral runout, and thickness variation 

Understand rotor measurement terms and how they relate to vibration/pulsation 

Measure and record rotor specs and determine serviceability 

626 

Y1M4 

Remove and reinstall rotor 

Understand rotor mounting and hub interface considerations 

Remove and reinstall rotor correctly and verify proper fitment 

627 

Y2M1 

Refinish rotor and measure final rotor thickness 

Understand machining limits and the impact of minimum thickness on safety 

Refinish rotor within limits and record final thickness 

630 

Y1M4 

Check brake pad wear indicator system operation 

Understand mechanical/electrical wear indicators and their purpose 

Verify indicator operation and document findings 

632 

Y2M2 

Check vacuum supply to vacuum-type power booster and check power assist operation 

Understand booster operation, vacuum supply, and symptoms of assist failure 

Test vacuum supply and booster function and determine necessary actions 

633 

Y2M1 

Service wheel bearings and races; replace seals; install hub; adjust bearings 

Understand bearing function, lubrication, preload/adjustment, and contamination control 

Clean/inspect/repack bearings, replace seals, install hub, adjust bearings to spec 

634 

Y2M1 

Check parking brake cables/components; clean/lubricate/adjust/replace as needed 

Understand parking brake system operation and common binding/corrosion issues 

Inspect and service parking brake components and verify correct operation 

635 

Y1M4 

Check parking brake and indicator light system operation 

Understand indicator operation and how it communicates parking brake status 

Verify parking brake engagement and indicator lamp function 

636 

Y1M3 

Check operation of brake stop light system 

Understand stop lamp circuit purpose and safety/legal implications 

Test stop lamp operation and correct basic faults as appropriate 

638 

Y2M1 

Inspect and replace wheel studs 

Understand fastener integrity, torque retention, and safety risks of damaged studs 

Replace wheel studs using correct procedures and verify wheel installation safety 

639 

Y2M1 

Remove and reinstall sealed wheel bearing assembly 

Understand sealed bearing design and common failure symptoms 

Remove and install sealed bearing assembly and verify proper operation 

640 

Y2M2 

Identify and inspect electronic brake control system components 

Understand ABS/EBC component roles (sensors, modulators, controllers) and basic inspection points 

Identify system components on a vehicle and perform visual/connection inspections 

641 

Y2M3 

Diagnose electronic brake control system using DTCs and recommended test equipment 

Understand diagnostic process using scan tools, DTCs, and electrical testing for ABS/EBC faults 

Retrieve DTCs, perform guided tests, and document diagnosis and corrective action 

643 

Y2M3 

Bleed the electronic brake control system hydraulic circuits 

Understand why ABS modulator circuits may require special bleeding procedures 

Perform electronic/ABS bleed procedure using proper tools and verify pedal feel 

644 

Y2M3 

Identify traction control/vehicle stability control system components 

Understand how traction/stability systems integrate braking, sensors, and control logic 

Identify components and explain their function using a system diagram 

645 

Y2M4 

Describe operation of a regenerative braking system 

Understand how regenerative braking uses electric motor/generator operation to recover energy and how it blends with friction brakes 

Explain regenerative braking operation using examples/data and identify safety considerations during service 

702 

Y1M3 

Identify and interpret electrical/electronic system concerns. 

Understand how electrical/electronic systems operate and how symptoms relate to likely circuit faults (open, short, high resistance, failed component). 

Gather concern details, perform a basic inspection, and outline an initial diagnostic plan (tests to run and what each test will confirm). 

705 

Y1M4–Y2M1 

Use wiring diagrams during diagnosis of electrical circuit problems. 

Understand wiring diagram conventions (symbols, connectors, grounds, splices) and how to trace power/ground paths through a circuit. 

Use a wiring diagram to identify test points and verify power/ground/continuity to isolate the fault in a given circuit. 

706 

Y1M3 

Check electrical circuits with a test light. 

Understand what a test light indicates about circuit power/ground and limitations compared to a meter. 

Use a test light safely to verify power/ground presence and record results. 

707 

Y1M4 

Check electrical circuits using fused jumper wires. 

Understand when and why to use fused jumpers (bypassing components safely) and the risks of unfused bypassing. 

Use fused jumper wires to bypass a component/circuit section to confirm a diagnosis without damaging the circuit. 

708 

Y2M1 

Locate shorts, grounds, opens, and resistance problems in electrical/electronic circuits. 

Understand common fault types and which tests (voltage drop, continuity, resistance) best identify each. 

Perform targeted tests to locate a short/open/high resistance and document evidence supporting the conclusion. 

709 

Y2M2 

Measure and diagnose the cause(s) of excessive parasitic draw. 

Understand parasitic draw theory, normal draw ranges (conceptually), and how modules/sleep modes affect readings. 

Set up an ammeter correctly, measure draw, isolate the source using fuses/strategic disconnects, and report findings. 

710 

Y1M4 

Inspect and test fusible links, circuit breakers, and fuses. 

Understand overcurrent protection devices and how failures present (open circuit, intermittent connection). 

Inspect and test fuses/links/breakers using correct methods and determine serviceability. 

711 

Y2M1 

Inspect and test switches, connectors, relays, solenoid solid state devices, and wires of electrical/electronic circuits. 

Understand how control devices and connections affect circuit operation, including voltage drop across contacts and connector integrity. 

Test switches/relays/solenoids/connectors with appropriate tools and determine whether to repair/replace. 

712 

Y2M1 

Remove and replace terminal end from connector, replace connectors, and terminal ends. 

Understand proper terminal/connector repair standards (crimping, pin fit, weather sealing) and why poor repairs cause repeat failures. 

Repair a connector/terminal using correct tools and verify circuit integrity after repair. 

713 

Y2M1 

Repair wiring harness and solder repair. 

Understand acceptable harness repair practices (splicing, strain relief, insulation, routing) and when soldering is appropriate. 

Complete a harness repair that meets shop standards and verify operation of the affected circuit. 

715 

Y2M3 

Identify location of electric hybrid vehicle high voltage circuit disconnect (service plug) location and safety procedures. 

Understand high-voltage hazards, required PPE/procedures, and why service disconnect verification is essential before work. 

Locate the service disconnect on a vehicle/trainer and demonstrate safe disable/verify steps per procedure. 

716 

Y1M4 

Perform battery state-of-charge test. 

Understand state-of-charge concept and how SOC impacts starting/charging diagnosis. 

Test battery SOC using approved method/tool and interpret results to determine next steps. 

717 

Y2M1 

Perform battery capacity test and confirm proper battery capacity for vehicle application. 

Understand capacity vs SOC, load testing principles, and battery rating requirements for applications. 

Perform a capacity/load test, compare to spec, and determine serviceability. 

718 

Y2M2 

Maintain and restore electronic memory functions. 

Understand how memory keep-alive functions work and what systems may reset after battery disconnect. 

Use memory saver procedures/tools as appropriate and restore settings/functions after service. 

719 

Y1M4 

Inspect, clean, fill, and replace battery, battery cables, connectors, clamps, and hold-downs. 

Understand causes/effects of corrosion, loose connections, and improper retention on electrical performance. 

Service or replace battery/cables/terminals and verify secure, clean connections. 

720 

Y1M3 

Perform battery charge. 

Understand charging safety, charger settings, and why proper charging prevents battery damage. 

Charge a battery using correct charger type/settings and confirm charge completion. 

721 

Y1M3 

Start a vehicle using jumper cables or an auxiliary power supply. 

Understand safe jump-start procedures, polarity risks, and connection order. 

Perform a jump-start safely using  correct connection/disconnection sequence. 

722 

Y2M2 

Identify electronic modules, security systems, radios, and other accessories that require reinitialization or code entry following battery disconnect. 

Understand which systems may require relearn/reinitialization and how battery service can affect customer convenience/security features. 

Identify affected systems on a given vehicle and document required reinitialization of steps/resources. 

723 

Y2M1 

Perform starter current draw tests. 

Understand how current draw relates to starter load, circuit condition, and mechanical resistance. 

Measure starter current draw and interpret results to determine likely fault area. 

724 

Y2M1 

Perform starter circuit voltage drop tests. 

Understand voltage drop testing and why it is preferred for loaded circuit diagnosis. 

Perform voltage drop tests on starter circuits and identify excessive drops. 

725 

Y2M1 

Inspect and test starter relays and solenoids. 

Understand relay/solenoid operation and common failure modes. 

Test relay/solenoid function and determine serviceability. 

726 

Y2M1 

Remove and install starter in a vehicle. 

Understand safe removal/installation practices and proper fastening/electrical connection standards. 

Remove and install a starter and verify proper operation. 

727 

Y2M2 

Inspect and test switches, connectors, and wires of starter control circuits and perform necessary action. 

Understand control side vs power side of starter circuits and how faults prevent engagement. 

Diagnose a starter control circuit issue and complete the required repair. 

728 

Y2M2 

Differentiate between electrical and engine mechanical problems that cause a slow-crank or no-crank condition. 

Understand symptom patterns that separate electrical supply/starting issues from mechanical engine resistance problems. 

Use test results (voltage, current, cranking speed) to determine whether the cause is electrical or mechanical. 

729 

Y2M1 

Perform charging system output test and determine necessary action. 

Understand alternator/generator output basics and how to evaluate system performance under load. 

Test charging output and identify needed service actions based on results. 

730 

Y2M2 

Diagnose charging system for the cause of undercharge, no-charge, and overcharge conditions. 

Understand common charging faults (belt drive, wiring, regulator/control, component failure) and their symptoms. 

Perform a structured diagnosis to identify the root cause and document corrective action. 

732 

Y2M1 

Remove, inspect, and install generator (alternator). 

Understand alternator mounting/drive considerations and inspection points (connections, pulley, belt alignment). 

Remove and install alternator correctly and verify charging system operation. 

735 

Y1M3 

Inspect, replace, and aim headlights and bulbs. 

Understand lighting circuit basics and why proper aim is a safety requirement. 

Replace bulbs as needed and aim headlights to specification. 

739 

Y2M2 

Diagnose the cause of incorrect operation of warning devices and other driver information systems. 

Understand how inputs (switches/sensors/modules) and outputs (indicators/chimes/displays) interact. 

Diagnose an inoperative/malfunctioning warning or info system using diagrams and testing. 

740 

Y2M2 

Diagnose incorrect horn operation. 

Understand horn circuit operation (switch, relay, power/ground). 

Diagnose horn circuit faults and verify repair. 

741 

Y2M2 

Diagnose incorrect wiper operation and diagnose wiper speed control and park problems. 

Understand wiper motor/control circuits including park function and speed control. 

Diagnose wiper system faults (speed/park) and verify proper operation. 

742 

Y2M2 

Diagnose incorrect washer operation. 

Understand washer system operation (pump, switch, power/ground, fluid path). 

Diagnose washer faults and verify system operation. 

743 

Y2M2 

Diagnose incorrect operation of motor-driven accessory circuits. 

Understand typical motor circuit control and protection strategies (relays, fuses, modules). 

Diagnose a motor-driven accessory fault using diagrams and testing and document the fix. 

746 

Y1M4 

Remove and reinstall door panel. 

Understand basic trim fasteners, connectors, and safe removal to prevent damage. 

Remove and reinstall a door panel without damage and verify reconnected components operate. 

747 

Y1M3–Y1M4 

Use a digital multimeter (DMM). 

Understand meter functions (voltage, resistance, current), proper settings, and safe connection methods. 

Use a DMM to perform voltage/continuity/resistance checks and accurately interpret readings. 

748 

Y2M3 

Demonstrate knowledge of an automatic idle start/stop system. 

Understand start/stop system purpose, major components, and conditions that enable/disable operation. 

Explain start/stop operation on a specific vehicle/trainer and identify key components and safety considerations. 

802 

Y1M4 

Identify and interpret engine performance concern. 

Understand how engine performance symptoms relate to possible mechanical, fuel, ignition, air, and emissions causes. 

Verify the concern (symptom description + basic checks) and document an initial diagnostic plan and safety precautions. 

806 

Y1M4 

Diagnose abnormal engine noise or vibration concerns. 

Understand common sources of engine noise/vibration and how operating conditions affect diagnosis. 

Use a structured approach (listen/feel/inspect) to identify likely source(s) and document findings. 

807 

Y1M4 

Diagnose abnormal exhaust color, odor, and sound. 

Understand what exhaust color/odor/sound can indicate about combustion, oil/coolant entry, or exhaust leaks. 

Observe exhaust symptoms, identify likely causes, and document recommended next diagnostic steps. 

808 

Y2M1 

Perform engine absolute (vacuum/boost) manifold pressure tests. 

Understand manifold pressure/vacuum as an indicator of engine load, sealing, and air intake conditions. 

Perform manifold pressure/vacuum/boost testing using appropriate tools and interpret results. 

809 

Y2M2 

Perform cylinder power balance test. 

Understand how cylinder contribution affects engine smoothness and performance. 

Conduct a power balance test and identify weak/non-contributing cylinders using approved methods. 

810 

Y2M1 

Perform cylinder cranking and running compression tests. 

Understand compression principles and how results indicate engine mechanical condition. 

Perform compression testing (cranking and running as applicable), record results, and compare to specifications. 

811 

Y2M2 

Perform cylinder leakage test. 

Understand leak-down testing and how leakage location identifies the fault path (intake, exhaust, rings, head gasket). 

Perform a leak-down test, identify leakage source(s), and document conclusions. 

812 

Y2M2 

Diagnose engine mechanical, electrical, electronic, fuel, and ignition concerns. 

Understand how multiple systems interact and how to isolate root causes using evidence-based testing. 

Apply a step-by-step diagnostic routine to identify the root cause and document the test results supporting the diagnosis. 

813 

Y1M4 

Verify engine operating temperature. 

Understand why correct operating temperature is required for performance, emissions control, and accurate diagnosis. 

Verify operating temperature using appropriate tools and determine whether temperature is within specification. 

816 

Y2M1 

Retrieve and record diagnostic trouble codes, OBD monitor status, and freeze frame data and clear codes when applicable. 

Understand what DTCs, freeze frame data, and monitor status indicate about operating conditions and fault detection. 

Retrieve and record DTCs/monitor status/freeze frame, clear codes when appropriate, and document results. 

817 

Y2M2 

Diagnose emissions or drivability concerns with stored/active DTCs; obtain, graph, and interpret scan tool data. 

Understand scan tool data (PIDs), graphing, and how data trends support diagnosis. 

Use scan tool data to isolate the fault, graph relevant parameters, and document interpretation and conclusion. 

818 

Y2M1 

Access and use service information to perform step-by-step diagnosis. 

Understand how to follow OEM/service procedures, TSBs, and diagnostic flowcharts to ensure accurate repairs. 

Locate correct service information and follow a diagnostic procedure, documenting each step and outcome. 

819 

Y2M2 

Perform active tests of actuators using a scan tool. 

Understand how bi-directional controls validate actuator and circuit operation. 

Command actuators with a scan tool safely and interpret responses to confirm or rule out faults. 

820 

Y2M2 

Describe the importance of running all OBDII monitors for repair verification. 

Understand readiness monitors and why completed monitors confirm repair effectiveness and compliance. 

Explain monitor completion requirements and verify readiness status after a repair scenario. 

822 

Y2M2 

Inspect and test ignition primary and secondary circuit wiring and solid-state components and test ignition coil(s). 

Understand ignition system operation and how primary/secondary faults impact misfire and drivability. 

Inspect/test ignition circuits and coils using appropriate equipment and document results. 

823 

Y2M2 

Inspect and test crankshaft and camshaft position sensor(s). 

Understand sensor role in timing and engine control and how failures affect starting and performance. 

Test CKP/CMP sensors and related circuits and determine serviceability. 

824 

Y2M3 

Inspect, test, and replace ignition control module and powertrain/engine control module and reprogram as necessary. 

Understand module functions, verification steps, and why reprogramming may be required after replacement. 

Verify module fault, replace as appropriate, and complete required reprogramming/setup steps per procedure. 

825 

Y2M3 

Diagnose hot/cold no-start, hard start, poor drivability, idle/misfire/power loss/stall/mileage/dieseling/emissions problems. 

Understand drivability symptom patterns and how to prioritize tests to efficiently isolate root causes. 

Diagnose a drivability/no-start concern using a structured workflow and document evidence and corrective action. 

826 

Y2M2 

Inspect and test fuel pumps and pump control systems for pressure, regulation, and volume. 

Understand fuel delivery requirements and how pressure/volume/regulation issues affect performance. 

Test fuel pump output/pressure/volume and control operation and interpret results. 

827 

Y1M4 

Replace fuel filters. 

Understand filtration purpose, service intervals, and safety procedures for fuel system service. 

Replace a fuel filter safely and verify no leaks and proper operation. 

828 

Y2M2 

Inspect throttle body, air induction system, intake manifold, and gaskets for vacuum leaks and unmetered air. 

Understand how unmetered air/vacuum leaks affect fuel trim, idle, and drivability. 

Inspect/test for vacuum leaks/unmetered air and document findings and corrective actions. 

829 

Y2M2 

Inspect and test fuel injectors. 

Understand injector operation and how faults cause misfire/lean/rich conditions. 

Test injector operation using appropriate procedures/tools and determine serviceability. 

830 

Y2M2 

Verify idle control operation. 

Understand idle control strategies and how faults affect idle speed and stability. 

Verify idle control operation and identify needed service actions based on test results. 

831 

Y1M4 

Inspect integrity of exhaust manifold/pipes/muffler(s)/catalytic converter(s)/resonator(s)/tail pipe(s)/heat shield(s). 

Understand exhaust system routing, sealing, and the impact of leaks/restrictions on performance and safety. 

Inspect exhaust components for leaks/damage/restrictions and document required repairs. 

833 

Y2M2 

Inspect, test, and service PCV filter/breather cap, valve, tubes, orifices, and hoses. 

Understand crankcase ventilation purpose and how restrictions/leaks affect oil control and drivability. 

Service/test PCV components and verify proper system operation. 

835 

Y2M3 

Inspect/test/service/replace EGR system components (sensors, controls, wiring, tubing, passages, vacuum/pressure controls, filters, hoses). 

Understand EGR purpose, typical failure modes, and how EGR faults affect drivability and emissions. 

Test EGR system operation, service/replace components as needed, and verify repair. 

837 

Y2M3 

Inspect and test mechanical components of secondary air injection systems. 

Understand secondary air injection purpose and mechanical component operation (valves, pumps, passages). 

Inspect/test mechanical components and document condition and required service. 

838 

Y2M3 

Inspect and test electrical/electronically operated components and circuits of air injection systems. 

Understand how electronic controls and circuits operate the air injection system and how faults present. 

Test electrical components/circuits and verify correct operation after repair. 

839 

Y2M3 

Inspect and test catalytic converter efficiency. 

Understand converter function and how efficiency is evaluated using sensor data and test procedures. 

Evaluate converter efficiency using approved methods and document results. 

841 

Y2M3 

Inspect and test components and hoses of the evaporative emissions control system. 

Understand EVAP purpose, sealing requirements, and common leak/failure points. 

Inspect/test EVAP components/hoses for leaks and determine necessary actions. 

842 

Y2M3 

Interpret DTCs and scan tool data related to emissions control systems. 

Understand how emissions-related DTCs map to system operation and how scan data supports diagnosis. 

Interpret emissions DTCs/scan data, identify likely root cause, and document the diagnostic conclusion. 

847 

Y1M4 

Remove, inspect and install spark plugs. Measure spark plug gap. 

Understand spark plug function, heat range/gap effects, and signs of abnormal combustion or wear. 

Remove/inspect/install spark plugs, measure/set gap as applicable, and verify proper engine operation. 

902 

Y1M3 

Verify operation of the instrument panel engine warning indicators. 

Understand purpose and meaning of engine warning indicators and how they relate to system monitoring. 

Verify indicator operation during key cycles or diagnostic test and identify abnormal behavior. 

903 

Y1M3 

Install engine covers using gaskets, seals, and sealers. 

Understand sealing surfaces, gasket function, and importance of proper sealant use. 

Install engine covers with correct gaskets/sealers and verify leak-free fitment. 

905 

Y2M2 

Identify valve adjustment procedures. 

Understand valve train design and why proper adjustment affects engine performance and longevity. 

Locate procedures/specifications and outline steps to correctly adjust valves. 

906 

Y1M4 

Inspect, replace, and adjust drive belts, tensioners, and pulleys and check alignment. 

Understand belt drive systems, tensioning methods, and alignment impact on wear and performance. 

Inspect and replace belts/tensioners, set proper tension, and verify alignment. 

907 

Y1M3 

Inspect and test coolant, drain and recover coolant, and flush and refill cooling system. 

Understand coolant properties, contamination effects, and service procedures. 

Test, drain, flush, and refill system with correct coolant and verify proper operation. 

908 

Y1M4 

Perform cooling system pressure tests; inspect radiator, cap, tank, and hoses. 

Understand cooling system pressure principles and how leaks or component failure affect operation. 

Perform pressure test, inspect components, and document findings. 

909 

Y1M3 

Identify components and inspect engine for fuel, oil, coolant, and other leaks. 

Understand common leak sources and impact on performance and safety. 

Inspect engine for leaks and determine source and corrective action. 

910 

Y2M3 

Remove and replace timing belt or chain and verify camshaft timing. 

Understand timing relationships between crankshaft and camshaft and consequences of incorrect timing. 

Replace timing belt/chain and verify correct timing alignment. 

911 

Y1M4 

Remove and replace thermostat and gasket/seal. 

Understand thermostat function in regulating engine temperature. 

Remove and replace thermostat and verify proper operation. 

912 

Y1M4 

Inspect and test mechanical/electrical fans, fan clutch, shroud/ducting, and fan controls. 

Understand airflow management and control of cooling fans. 

Test fan operation and inspect components to determine serviceability. 

913 

Y1M2 

Perform engine oil and filter change. 

Understand lubrication system function and importance of routine maintenance. 

Perform oil and filter change and verify correct level and no leaks. 

1002 

Y2M1 

Check fluid level and fluid condition in a transmission or transaxle equipped with a dipstick. 

Understand fluid purpose, correct fluid types, and how fluid condition/level relates to transmission operation and symptoms. 

Check fluid level/condition using correct procedure and document findings and required actions. 

1003 

Y2M1 

Check fluid level and fluid condition in a transmission or transaxle not equipped with a dipstick. 

Understand manufacturer-specific level-check procedures and risks of incorrect level (overfill/underfill). 

Verify fluid level/condition using the correct fill/level port procedure and document results. 

1004 

Y2M1 

Drain, replace, and exchange fluid and filter(s). 

Understand service intervals, filter purpose, and how proper service impacts durability and performance. 

Perform transmission fluid and filter service/exchange following procedure and verify no leaks. 

1005 

Y2M1 

Identify drivetrain components and configuration. 

Understand drivetrain layouts (FWD/RWD/AWD/4WD) and how component configuration affects service and diagnosis. 

Identify drivetrain components on a vehicle and describe the drivetrain configuration accurately. 

1006 

Y2M2 

Inspect, adjust, and replace external manual valve shift linkage, transmission range sensor/switch, and park/neutral switch. 

Understand how shift linkage and range/park-neutral inputs affect shifting, starting, and safety interlocks. 

Inspect/adjust linkage and test/replace range or park/neutral components and verify correct operation. 

1007 

Y2M2 

Inspect for leakage at external seals, gaskets, and bushings. 

Understand common leak points and how leaks affect fluid level, operation, and customer concerns. 

Inspect for leaks, identify source, and document recommended repair. 

1008 

Y2M2 

Inspect, replace, and align powertrain mounts. 

Understand mount purpose (support, vibration control) and how misalignment affects driveline angles and NVH. 

Inspect mounts, replace as needed, align powertrain correctly, and verify improved operation. 

1102 

Y2M1 

Drain and refill manual transmission/transaxle and final drive unit. 

Understand lubricant types, service intervals, and how proper lubrication prevents wear and overheating. 

Drain and refill with correct lubricant to specification and verify no leaks. 

1103 

Y2M1 

Check and adjust clutch master cylinder fluid level. 

Understand hydraulic clutch operation and how fluid level/condition affects engagement and shifting. 

Inspect fluid level/condition, top off with correct fluid, and document findings. 

1104 

Y2M1 

Check for system leaks. 

Understand common leak sources in clutch/drivetrain systems and impacts on operation and safety. 

Inspect for leaks, identify source(s), and recommend corrective actions. 

1105 

Y2M1 

Check and adjust differential housing fluid level. 

Understand differential lubrication needs and how low/contaminated fluid causes noise and damage. 

Check fluid level/condition and adjust to specification safely. 

1106 

Y2M2 

Drain and refill differential housing. 

Understand drain/fill procedures, gasket/seal considerations, and contamination control. 

Drain and refill differential with correct lubricant and verify proper fill and no leaks. 

1107 

Y2M2 

Identify, inspect, and replace manual drivetrain and axle components and configuration. 

Understand axle/driveline component functions (CV joints, U-joints, shafts) and wear indicators. 

Inspect drivetrain/axle components, replace defective parts as assigned, and verify proper operation. 

1203 

Y2M2 

Inspect A/C condenser for airflow restrictions. 

Understand condenser role in heat transfer and how airflow restrictions reduce A/C performance. 

Inspect condenser area for restriction/damage and document corrective actions (cleaning/repair). 

1204 

Y2M2 

Inspect engine cooling and heating systems hoses. 

Understand hose routing, pressure/temperature effects, and signs of deterioration or leakage. 

Inspect hoses for condition/fit/leaks and determine serviceability. 

1205 

Y2M3 

Inspect A/C heating ducts, doors, hoses, cabin filters, and outlets. 

Understand HVAC air distribution components and how restrictions/door failures affect comfort and performance. 

Inspect HVAC distribution components, replace/service as appropriate, and verify airflow/operation. 

1206 

Y2M2 

Check for A/C leaks. 

Understand common A/C leak points and why leak detection is required before recharging. 

Perform leak check using appropriate method(s) and document leak location and next steps. 

1207 

Y2M2 

Identify refrigerant type and recovery procedure. 

Understand refrigerant identification, safety/environmental requirements, and approved recovery procedures. 

Identify refrigerant type and demonstrate correct recovery/recycling setup and procedure (simulation or equipment).